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The Muslim Brotherhood ((アラビア語:جماعة الاخوان المسلمين) ''gammāʿat /al-ikhwan/el-ekhwan al-muslimīn'', ) in Egypt is a Sunni Islamist religious, political, and social movement.〔 *〕 It is, or was, considered the largest, best-organized political force in Egypt,〔Eric Trager, "(The Unbreakable Muslim Brotherhood )", ''Foreign Affairs'', September October 2011, p. 114–222. (full text not available for free on internet)〕 estimated by different sources to have 2 million〔ATRAN, SCOTT (2 February 2011). "In Egypt today, the Brotherhood counts perhaps some 2 million adherents" ("Egypt's Bumbling Brotherhood" ). ''The New York Times''〕 or 2.5 million adherents/supporters.〔 Founded in Egypt by Hassan al-Banna in March 1928, the group spread to other Muslim countries but has its largest, or one of its largest, organizations in Egypt despite a succession of government crackdowns in 1948, 1954, 1965, and 2013 after plots, or alleged plots, of assassination and overthrow were uncovered.〔("'Shariah in Egypt is enough for us,' Muslim Brotherhood leader says" ). ''Hürriyet Daily News'', 23 May 2011〕〔''Inside Egypt: The Land of the Pharaohs on the Brink of a Revolution'' by John R. Bradley, (Palgrave MacMillan, 2008), p.49〕〔(Egypt ) global security.org〕 Following the 2011 Egyptian Revolution, it first had great success. It launched a civic political party—the Freedom and Justice Party—to contest elections, which it described as having "the same mission and goals, but different roles" than the Brotherhood,〔Ian Black, (Egypt's Muslim Brotherhood poised to prosper in post-Mubarak new era ), ''The Guardian'', 19 May 2011〕 and agreeing to honor all Egypt's international agreements. The party won almost half the seats in the 2011–12 parliamentary elections, and its candidate, Mohamed Morsi, won the June 2012 presidential election. However President Mohammad Morsi was overthrown after mass protests within a year and a crackdown ensued that some have called more damaging to the movement than any "in eight decades". Hundreds of members were killed, and hundreds—including Morsi and most of the Brotherhood's leadership—were imprisoned. Among the general Egyptian population, a "huge hostility" was felt towards the MB. In September 2013, Egyptian court banned the Brotherhood and its associations, and ordered that its assets be seized; and in December the military-backed interim government declared the movement a terrorist group following the bombing of security directorate building in Mansoura, (the Brotherhood later issued a statement condemning violence). ==History== (詳細はウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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